Statistics related stuff in igraph
Class |
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Result of fitting a power-law to a vector of samples |
Class |
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Generic histogram class for real numbers |
Class |
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Running mean calculator. |
Function | mean |
Returns the mean of an iterable. |
Function | median |
Returns the median of an unsorted or sorted numeric vector. |
Function | percentile |
Returns the pth percentile of an unsorted or sorted numeric vector. |
Function | power |
Fitting a power-law distribution to empirical data |
Function | quantile |
Returns the qth quantile of an unsorted or sorted numeric vector. |
Function | sd |
Returns the standard deviation of an iterable. |
Function | var |
Returns the variance of an iterable. |
Returns the mean of an iterable.
Example:
>>> mean([1, 4, 7, 11]) 5.75
Parameters | |
xs | an iterable yielding numbers. |
Returns | |
the mean of the numbers provided by the iterable. | |
See Also | |
RunningMean() if you also need the variance or the standard deviation |
Returns the median of an unsorted or sorted numeric vector.
Parameters | |
xs | the vector itself. |
sort | whether to sort the vector. If you know that the vector is sorted already, pass False here. |
Returns | |
the median, which will always be a float, even if the vector contained integers originally. |
Returns the pth percentile of an unsorted or sorted numeric vector.
This is equivalent to calling quantile(xs, p/100.0); see quantile
for more details on the calculation.
Example:
>>> round(percentile([15, 20, 40, 35, 50], 40), 2) 26.0 >>> for perc in percentile([15, 20, 40, 35, 50], (0, 25, 50, 75, 100)): ... print("%.2f" % perc) ... 15.00 17.50 35.00 45.00 50.00
Parameters | |
xs | the vector itself. |
p | the percentile we are looking for. It may also be a list if you want to calculate multiple quantiles with a single call. The default value calculates the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. |
sort | whether to sort the vector. If you know that the vector is sorted already, pass False here. |
Returns | |
the pth percentile, which will always be a float, even if the vector contained integers originally. If p is a list, the result will also be a list containing the percentiles for each item in the list. |
Fitting a power-law distribution to empirical data
Parameters | |
data | the data to fit, a list containing integer values |
xmin | the lower bound for fitting the power-law. If None, the optimal xmin value will be estimated as well. Zero means that the smallest possible xmin value will be used. |
method | the fitting method to use. The following methods are implemented so far:
|
p | desired precision of the p-value calculation. The precision ultimately depends on the number of resampling attempts. The number of resampling trials is determined by 0.25 divided by the square of the required precision. For instance, a required precision of 0.01 means that 2500 samples will be drawn. |
Returns | |
a FittedPowerLaw object. The fitted xmin value and the power-law exponent can be queried from the xmin and alpha properties of the returned object. | |
Unknown Field: newfield | |
ref | Reference |
Unknown Field: ref | |
MEJ Newman: Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Contemporary Physics 46, 323-351 (2005) | |
A Clauset, CR Shalizi, MEJ Newman: Power-law distributions in empirical data. E-print (2007). arXiv:0706.1062 |
Returns the qth quantile of an unsorted or sorted numeric vector.
There are a number of different ways to calculate the sample quantile. The method implemented by igraph is the one recommended by NIST. First we calculate a rank n as q(N+1), where N is the number of items in xs, then we split n into its integer component k and decimal component d. If k <= 1, we return the first element; if k >= N, we return the last element, otherwise we return the linear interpolation between xs[k-1] and xs[k] using a factor d.
Example:
>>> round(quantile([15, 20, 40, 35, 50], 0.4), 2) 26.0
Parameters | |
xs | the vector itself. |
q | the quantile we are looking for. It may also be a list if you want to calculate multiple quantiles with a single call. The default value calculates the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. |
sort | whether to sort the vector. If you know that the vector is sorted already, pass False here. |
Returns | |
the qth quantile, which will always be a float, even if the vector contained integers originally. If q is a list, the result will also be a list containing the quantiles for each item in the list. |
Returns the standard deviation of an iterable.
Example:
>>> sd([1, 4, 7, 11]) #doctest:+ELLIPSIS 4.2720...
Parameters | |
xs | an iterable yielding numbers. |
Returns | |
the standard deviation of the numbers provided by the iterable. | |
See Also | |
RunningMean() if you also need the mean |